16 Best Front End Languages You can Learn in 2024

Front-end development is the development of the GUI (Graphical User Interface) of a website via the use of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript which enables users to view and interact with that website. There are many tools for front-end development like WordPress, Joomla, etc.

A front-end developer creates websites and applications using web languages like HTML, CSS, and Javascript, most of their work involves ensuring the appearance and layout of the site or application are easy to navigate for the user.

Back-end development means working on server-side software, which focuses on all those things that you can’t see on a website.

They ensure the website performs correctly, focusing on databases, back-end logic, application programming interface, and servers. Additionally, for those looking to gain a comprehensive understanding of both front-end and back-end development, a full-stack development course can be a valuable opportunity to learn.

What are front-end development languages?

Front-end development languages are used by web developers to create the user interface and user experience (UI/UX) of a website that the end-users interact with. These languages are tools used to build the visual and interactive elements of a website. Web developers use languages that include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

HTML is used to structure the content of a website, CSS is used for styling and layout, and JavaScript is used for adding interactive features and functionality. Some developers might leverage SQL syntax for specific use cases. This could involve integrating dynamic content from databases or building data visualization tools directly into the front-end.

Together, these languages form the backbone of front-end development and are essential for creating a responsive and engaging user interface. You can get a Web developer Course online for complete learning of front-end development.

We will be discussing 16 front end languages that you can use!

Top Ten Front End Languages in 2024

1. HTML

• HTML stands for the HyperText Markup Language and is the standard markup language for documents.
• It also works along with front-end technologies such as CSS and the scripting language JavaScript.
• Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server and render the documents into multimedia web pages.
• HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and the building blocks of HTML pages are HTML elements.
• It is user-friendly and simple to understand. It works for web page development, game development, internet navigation, etc.

Salient Features:

• Widely Accepted — HTML remains the preferred choice for backend code development due to its simplicity, compactness, and widespread familiarity.
• User-Friendly and Quick to Grasp — HTML is a free and easily comprehensible language. Its ease of use extends to seamless implementation, requiring no additional front-end language for browser compatibility.
• Smooth Integration with Other Languages — HTML effortlessly integrates with other code and can be seamlessly incorporated into existing projects. Programmers well-versed in various front-end and back-end languages have successfully employed HTML in their work. AI programming languages have also begun to leverage HTML’s versatility, allowing for the creation of dynamic and interactive web applications.
• Simplified Testing and Debugging — Even if the layout or formatting errors occur, HTML remains user-friendly and easily understood by developers. Additionally, it is known for its lightweight nature, making it one of the most efficient front end languages available today.

2. CSS

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a style sheet language.
• You can use CSS for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML or XML.
• It is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web along with HTML and JavaScript. It allows the separation of presentation and content including layout, colors, and fonts.
• Its syntax is simple and uses several English keywords to specify the names of different style properties.

Popular browsers like Chrome, Firefox and Edge use CSS as their Front-end language.

Salient Features:

• Cascading Style Framework — This framework offers valuable advantages to web pages with diverse content or container loads, allowing for efficient management and organization.
• Reduced HTML File Load — By utilizing CSS in conjunction with HTML code, it enables the cascading of content within the HTML file, resulting in a reduced load on the HTML code itself.
• Rich Functionality — CSS encompasses a wide range of functions for text styling, fonts, and colors. It grants comprehensive control over the visual appearance of an entire web page, even with simple adjustments like font size and color.
• Cross-Browser Compatibility — CSS ensures consistent rendering and compatibility across various web browsers, ensuring proper placement and efficient execution of code.
• Promotes Consistency Across Platforms — As a front-end programming language, CSS enforces correct syntax, leading to improved content accuracy, and readability, and maintaining uniformity throughout different platforms.

3. JavaScript

• JavaScript (Js) is a programming language and is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web along with HTML and CSS. 98 % of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behaviour as of 2024.
• JavaScript has a similar name but its syntax and standard libraries are distinct.
• Most of the major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users’ devices making it essential to hire a skilled JavaScript developer for efficient coding and optimization.

Salient Features:

• Client-Side Architecture — This architectural model operates on the client side, reducing server load and leveraging the client’s resources for swift processing.
• Robust Design Capabilities — JavaScript empowers the creation of visually captivating and engaging interfaces. With support for various external libraries, it offers a wide range of features to enhance design and functionality.
• Support for Multiple Languages — JavaScript seamlessly integrates with HTML, enabling effective content management through cascading techniques. Moreover, it can retrieve data from diverse sources or employ different methods for data acquisition.
• Emphasis on Security — JavaScript necessitates encryption and rigorous security checks due to its “Client-side” architecture. As the code is delivered to the client, proper encryption is crucial to prevent unauthorized access and breaches. Adhering to robust security measures is essential to ensure data protection and system integrity.

4. React

• React is also known by the names React.js and ReactJS.
• It is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on UI components.
• Facebook (currently known as Meta) and a community of individual developers and companies are maintaining it. Facebook developed React, a front-end language with a Javascript framework.
• Many web services like Facebook, Yahoo!, WhatsApp, Instagram, etc are using the language.
• It is an open-source library that was first made available in 2013.
• It is one of the most commonly used JavaScript libraries for creating web front ends, which makes it easier to hire React developers.
• In modern web development, integrating innovative features like extending images artificially to enhance user engagement and improve UI/UX design is becoming indispensable. This approach not only boosts the visual appeal but also contributes significantly to creating dynamic and interactive web environments.

Salient Features:

• Seamless Integration with JSX — React effortlessly incorporates JSX, providing a robust foundation for defining and rendering components. It readily accepts JSX syntax and also supports HTML quoting, making it user-friendly and facilitating the learning process for new developers.
• Simplified Debugging — React, being a framework/library, prioritizes effective and efficient development. It offers excellent debugging capabilities as one of its primary features. The simplicity of React minimizes the likelihood of errors, allowing developers to easily identify and resolve issues before executing the code.
• Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Support — React is SEO-friendly and excels in handling heavy loads. This inherent SEO support grants a significant advantage for applications that require optimal search engine visibility. React’s ability to efficiently render content contributes to improved performance and visibility in terms of search engine optimization.

5. Angular

• It’s A TypeScript-based open and free-source web application framework led by Google.
• It is a complete rewrite of AngularJS. It is used by companies like Autodesk and Microsoft.
• Angular distributes the load among the client and server allowing components to load on demand and using HTML programming to create user interfaces that are simple and easy to grasp.
• It also uses a simple and easy object structure and has most coding features built in.

Check out more on React vs. Angular

Salient Features:

• Separation of Responsibilities and Dependency Injection — Angular, as a front-end language, ensures a balanced distribution of workload between the client and server, ensuring efficient loading of all components.
• Restful API — Designers can utilize HTML as a template language in Angular, extending its syntax to effortlessly supply software components. Angular eliminates the need for designers to rely on third-party libraries when creating applications.
• Efficient AJAX Handling — Angular provides a seamless and effective approach to incorporate and manage AJAX functionalities, simplifying the implementation and handling of asynchronous requests.
• MVC Pattern Implementation — Angular leverages HTML in the backend, enabling programmers to quickly adapt to its usage. It simplifies the implementation of the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern by employing a straightforward three-component structure.
• Object-Oriented Structure — Angular incorporates most coding functionalities within its intuitive object structure. It allows for direct access to objects without the need for explicit getter or setter functions, streamlining the development process.

6. Vue.js

• Vue.js is an open-source model-view-ViewModel front-end JavaScript framework. Developers build user interfaces and single-page applications.
• The language was initially released in February 2014 by Evan You and is maintained by him and the rest of the team members. It has an incrementally adaptable architecture that focuses on declarative rendering.
• It allows for extending HTML with HTML attributes called directives. 

Salient Features:

• Seamless Front-End Integration — The core library of Vue prioritizes user-friendly presentation layer development and also seamlessly integrates with other libraries or existing projects.
• Well-Suited for Single-Page Designs — Vue is highly suitable for complex single-page applications, complemented by modern tools and support libraries. It offers effortless integration with backend code, requiring minimal modifications to existing applications.
• The Abundance of Available Plugins — Vue can be extended and enhanced through various JavaScript applications. A wide range of third-party plugins is readily available, offering developers valuable resources to create robust applications.
• Lightweight File Structure — Vue boasts lightweight and flexible file structures, making it particularly appealing to new programmers. Its simplicity also allows for easy comprehension by React.JS developers, further expanding its popularity.

Evan You, worked for Google and used AngularJS in many projects. So he later concluded ‘’ I figured, what if I could just extract the part that I liked about Angular and build something lightweight.’’

7. Elm

• ELM is a domain-specific programming language for creating web browser-based GUIs.
• It is purely functional with an emphasis on usability, performance, and robustness.
• It has a small set of language constructs and as a functional language, it supports anonymous functions.
• Elm Architecture is a pattern for building interactive web applications.

Salient Features:

• Domain-Specific Model — Elm is designed to be domain-specific, with a fixed set of environments where it can be executed. It prioritizes usability and performance while maintaining a strict approach to code structure and functionality.
• Scalability and Error-Resilience — Elm, as a front-end language, offers scalability and reduces the occurrence of errors. Its powerful compiler ensures code readability and simplifies maintenance, enhancing the overall robustness of the application.
• Comprehensive Front-End and Back-End Support — Originally intended as a simple front-end language, Elm can also be effectively used for server-side programming. This versatility enables developers to handle both front-end and back-end tasks without relying on external languages, streamlining the development process and providing flexibility to experts in the field.

8. jQuery

• It is a JavaScript library to simplifies HTML DOM tree traversal and manipulation, also for event handling. jQuery is free and open-source software that uses the MIT License.
• It is used by 77% of the 10 million most popular websites. Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms.jQuery supports Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Edge, and Internet Explorer 9.
• On mobile, it supports iOS 7, Android 4.0, and newer.

Salient Features:

• DOM Manipulation Capabilities — jQuery offers extensive support for manipulating Document Object Models (DOM), allowing for easy selection, addition, or removal of CSS elements.
• Animation Features — jQuery provides robust animation support, enabling the implementation of engaging animations like carousels and fade-ins. Its familiarity with JavaScript syntax makes it easy to learn and use.
• Enhanced Text Effects — By leveraging jQuery, users can incorporate special text effects into their JavaScript files, enhancing the visual appeal of webpages and captivating readers. This feature is particularly advantageous for individuals seeking to create visually appealing programs.
• Comprehensive Documentation — jQuery benefits from a wide range of available resources and extensive documentation, making it user-friendly for beginners and facilitating seamless implementation. It also offers API support, ensuring that solutions can be readily found when encountering errors or challenges.
• Wide Browser Compatibility — jQuery boasts broad browser compatibility, allowing it to function smoothly across various browser platforms, including older systems.
• AJAX Functionality Support — jQuery seamlessly integrates with AJAX functions, enabling the creation of dynamic and regularly updated web pages.

9. Swift

• It is a general-purpose, compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. and the open-source community.
• Swift was released in 2014 and was developed as a replacement for Apple’s earlier programming language Objective-C.
• During its introduction, it was described simply as ‘’Objective-C without the baggage of C’’. The platform Swift supports Apple’s operating systems and Android.

Salient Features:

• Easy to Grasp — Swift boasts straightforward syntax, spelling, and grammar, making it highly readable and writable. Even individuals new to coding can quickly learn and write impeccable code.
• Optimal for Apple Ecosystem — Swift demonstrates impressive performance and compatibility with Apple’s software platforms, including iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. This makes it an ideal choice for developers targeting these Apple devices.
• Robust Support Network — Swift benefits from a strong support network, enabling developers to easily find resources, documentation, and further development opportunities. The language’s versatility allows for the extension of its functionality through the active support of the community.
• Smooth Transition to Swift — Due to its concise and straightforward codebase, transitioning to Swift is swift itself. Beginners can easily understand and read Swift code, as it primarily uses English words and follows a logical structure.
• Impressive Speed and Performance — Swift, particularly favoured for Apple iOS development, outperforms its competitors like Objective-C. Apple claims that Swift code is 2.6 times faster than Objective-C, highlighting its exceptional speed and efficiency, as stated on the official Apple website.

10. SASS

• SASS stands for syntactically awesome style sheets and is a preprocessor scripting language. SAAS is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
• It is the scripting language itself. It is one of the most stable, and powerful professional-grade CSS extension languages in the world.

Salient Features:

• Customization Capabilities — SASS provides a wide range of customization features, including the use of variables, mathematical operations, mixins, loops, and import functionality. These powerful features enhance the flexibility and functionality of CSS.
• Enhanced Windows Functions — SASS extends the standard Windows functions, delivering significant advantages inherent in the programming language.
• Variable Support — SASS offers the advantage of variables, which simplifies data management compared to CSS. With variables, it becomes easier to comprehend and manage data and values throughout a larger codebase.
• Support for CSS and SASS — SASS can be coded in both CSS and SASS syntax. This flexibility benefits programmer who are well-versed in CSS, allowing them to leverage their existing knowledge while utilizing the advantages of SASS.
• Seamless Transition from CSS to SASS — A common method for transitioning to SASS is through the SCSS feature, which involves simply renaming the CSS file extension to ‘.scss’. This simple step instantly unlocks all the features and benefits provided by SASS.

11. TypeScript

TypeScript is a powerful and popular programming language that can be a valuable tool for developers building large-scale applications. Its static typing and other features can help improve the quality and reliability of your code, and it is well-supported by a variety of tools and frameworks.

• TypeScript is a programming language that is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, meaning that any valid JavaScript code is also a valid TypeScript code.
• TypeScript was developed and maintained by Microsoft, and it was designed to add optional static typing and other features to the JavaScript language.

BENEFITS:

• One of the main benefits of using TypeScript is that it can help developers catch errors and bugs at compile-time, rather than runtime.
• This can make it easier to identify and fix problems in your code, resulting in a more stable and reliable application.

FEATURES:

• TypeScript also includes features such as classes, interfaces, and modules, which can make it easier to write object-oriented code and organize your codebase.
• TypeScript also supports JSX, the syntax used for embedding HTML elements in JavaScript code, which is often used in libraries like React.
• TypeScript is a popular choice for building large-scale applications, and it is often used in conjunction with other frameworks and libraries such as Angular, React, and Vue.js.
• It can also be used with a variety of build tools and module bundlers such as Webpack and Rollup.

One of the main advantages of TypeScript is that it can improve the development experience by providing a rich set of editor features such as code completion, type checking, and refactoring. It can also improve the maintainability of your code by making it easier to understand and modify over time.

12. Dart

Dart is a powerful and versatile programming language that is well-suited for building a wide range of applications. Its ability to be compiled into native code and its rich set of libraries and frameworks make it an attractive choice for many developers.

• Dart is a programming language developed by Google that is used to build web, mobile, and desktop applications.
• It is an object-oriented, class-based language with a C-style syntax that is designed to be easy to read and write.

BENEFITS:

• Dart is that it can be compiled into native code, which can make it easier to build high-performance applications.
• It can also be compiled into JavaScript, which allows you to build web applications that can run in any modern browser.
• In addition to being a standalone language, Dart includes a rich set of libraries and frameworks that can make it easier to build complex applications.
• The Flutter framework, for example, is built with Dart and allows you to build natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase.

FEATURES:

• Dart can improve the development experience, such as a hot reload feature that allows you to see code changes in real-time and a strong ecosystem of tools and libraries.
• Dart is scalable, which makes it well-suited for building large-scale applications.
• It also has a growing community of developers and a strong support system, with resources such as the Dart SDK and the Dart API documentation available to help you get started.

13. Rust

Rust is a powerful and popular programming language for building a wide range of applications. Its strong focus on safety and performance, as well as its support for concurrent programming, make it an attractive choice for many developers.

• Rust is a systems programming language that is designed to be safe, fast, and concurrent.
• It is a statically typed language with a syntax similar to C and C++, and it is developed and maintained by the Rust Project, a community-driven organization.

BENEFITS:

• Rust is designed to be safe, with several features that can help prevent common programming errors such as null or dangling pointer references.
• It also has a strong focus on performance, and it is known for being fast and efficient, making it well-suited for building high-performance applications.
• Rust also includes support for concurrent programming, which can make it easier to write programs that can run multiple tasks concurrently. This is especially useful for building programs that need to take advantage of multi-core processors.

FEATURES:

• Rust is a popular choice for building a wide range of applications, including web servers, command-line tools, and operating systems.
• Used increasingly for building web front ends using the WebAssembly runtime, which allows Rust code to run in the browser.
• The Rust ecosystem includes several tools and libraries, such as the Rust Package Manager (Cargo) and the Rust documentation, which can help you get started with the language.

14. Django

Django is a powerful web framework written in Python that enables the creation of dynamic and scalable web applications.

Its approach of “batteries included” means that developers have access to a comprehensive set of tools and features, eliminating the need to start from scratch. With its modular design and flexible API, Django allows for easy customization and the addition of bespoke functionalities. 

Additionally, Django prioritizes security, offering safeguards against common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and cross-site scripting. This makes Django a reliable and secure option for building robust web applications.

Salient Features:

• Outstanding Documentation of the primary advantage of learning Django is its exceptional documentation. When compared to other open-source technologies, Django stands out with its comprehensive and well-documented resources.
• SEO Optimization- Django possesses a distinct advantage in terms of SEO optimization, which sets it apart from other frameworks. SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, refers to the process of enhancing a website’s visibility in search engine results. Django’s built-in features and functionalities facilitate effective SEO implementation, allowing websites to rank higher in search engine rankings.
• High Scalability- Django’s remarkable scalability is evident from its widespread adoption by multinational corporations worldwide. It has proven to be a reliable and error-free solution when implemented on a large scale, solidifying its reputation as a highly scalable framework.
• Efficient Rapid Development-While many technologies boast rapid development as a core feature, Django sets itself apart by offering numerous other exceptional features. Its comprehensive toolset and streamlined development process contribute to swift and efficient application development.

15. Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a complimentary CSS framework to facilitate the creation of responsive and mobile-friendly front-end applications. It offers a range of design templates for various elements such as forms, buttons, navigation, and typography. 

Acting as a versatile toolkit, Bootstrap streamlines the development of responsive websites by providing pre-built components with diverse themes and icons. Its design philosophy revolves around optimizing the user experience on both mobile devices and web platforms.

Functioning as an HTML, CSS, and JS library, Bootstrap aims to simplify web page development by offering a straightforward approach to customizing the size, color, typography, and layout aspects of a project. 

It enables rapid development and quick prototyping by providing a convenient set of tools and styles. Utilizing Bootstrap requires only basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JS, making it accessible for developers of varying skill levels to create projects effortlessly.

Salient Features:

• Accessible and Beginner-Friendly
• Adaptable, Cohesive, and Lightweight
• Responsive Utility Classes and Grid System
• Efficient Dropdown Menu Component
• The abundance of Bootstrap Templates
• Support for LESS and CSS Files
• Reduced Cross-Browser Compatibility Issues

16. Flutter

Developed and maintained by Google, Flutter is an open-source UI framework that enables the creation of versatile and native-like applications across multiple platforms using a single codebase. 

It has emerged as one of the rapidly advancing front-end frameworks, offering flexibility and efficiency in designing. Its popularity is on the rise due to its capability to deliver native performance and visually appealing elements on both iOS and Android platforms.

When you hire Flutter app developers, they can help you leverage the speed of the Dart programming language and the Skia graphics engine to build cross-platform apps.

Noteworthy features like Stateful Hot Reload enable the creation of expressive user interfaces, extensive customization options, and seamless native performance.

Salient Features:

• Enhanced with a flexible and modernized user interface, Flutter offers visually appealing and graphically enhanced designs. 
• It utilizes a single codebase to cater to multiple platforms, allowing developers to streamline their development process. 
• With Flutter, coding and testing apps become faster and simpler, thanks to its efficient framework.
• The Stateful Hot Reload feature in Flutter facilitates rapid development by providing quick feedback on code changes. 
• Additionally, Flutter offers a wide range of customizable and readily usable widgets, enabling developers to create effective user experiences. Its focus on native performance ensures smooth operation across various device types. 
• Moreover, Flutter significantly reduces code development time, allowing developers to create applications more efficiently.

Conclusion

We have given a list of ten front end languages that you can learn in 2024 and you can select any one of them based on your current skill set. If you are a beginner then you should focus on HTML and CSS as these are the basic languages that will help you in learning other front end languages.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the easiest Front-End language?

CSS, HTML, and JavaScript are the simplest languages to learn for front-end development.

Is Python good for the front end?

Yes, you can use Python in either front-end or back-end development but usually, Python is not preferred for front-end development.

What languages should a Front-End web developer know?

A Front-End web developer should know HTML, CSS, and JavaScript as these are the three fundamental languages.